A common theme runs through my articles and papers.  It is the proposition that a medium called aether permeates space and cosmic bodies.  The medium consists of sub-atomic cells that are real substance, not mathematical constructs.

The posited aether is modeled on the form of aether theorized by James Clerk Maxwell in his treatise, The Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, published in 1865.  In this work Maxwell set out his electromagnetic equations that are still in use today, over a century-and-a half later.  He based his equations upon his theory of aether.   He said:

“At the commencement of this paper we made use of the optical hypothesis of an elastic medium through which the vibrations of light are propagated, in order to show that we have warrantable grounds for seeking, in the same medium, the cause of other phenomena as well as those of light.  We then examined electromagnetic phenomena, seeking for their explanation in the properties of the electromagnetic field.  In this way we arrived at certain equations expressing certain properties of the electromagnetic field.”

Maxwell’s aether theory initially met with general acceptance.  However, it subsequently fell into rejection and disuse.  This happened mainly as a result of the Michelson-Morley experiment in 1881 and other experiments that were interpreted as proving that aether does not exist, the concept of quanta (travelling photons) developed by Einstein in papers published in 1905 and 1909, and the development of the quantum mechanics theory in the 1920s.

The articles cited below contend that aether as theorized by Maxwell in fact exists and is an essential element of gravity, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics and entanglement.

Reconsidering Maxwell’s Aether, Phys. Essays 27, 601 (2014) sets out evidence that supports the proposition that aether in fact exists.  The article counters the arguments that led to the general disuse of aether in the science community and cites numerous instances of electromagnetism that are consistent with the proposition that aether is fundamental to the phenomena of electromagnetism.

Aether Explanation of Entanglement, Phys. Essays 31, 29 (2018), proposes that the medium of aether provides the missing physical foundation of the quantum mechanics theory and the physical setting that explains entanglement.  The article provides reasons that support resuscitation of Maxwell’s aether theory (see p.37).

On Maxwell’s 1865 Theory of Aether: A Step Toward Unity, Phys. Essays 33, 256 (2020) reasons that Maxwell’s form of aether is common ground that underlies gravity, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics and entanglement.

My articles view Maxwell’s aether as structured cells. This is because flexible structures are necessary for the property of elasticity that Maxwell attributes to aether.  Based upon the details of Maxwell’s posited aether set out in The Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field and the laws of dynamics applicable to atomic substances, it is inferred that aether cells have the capacity to:

• form a medium;
• interact with each other and with atomic matter.
• exist in separate and distinct states that include including gaseous and liquid states.
• collide and rebound with each other, that is, have Brownian movements.
• transmit waves;
• expand and shrink, twist and untwist;
• vibrate;
• flow as fluids in its gaseous and liquid states;
• attach to and detach from other matter;
• absorb and transmit energy;
• collectively form patterns (polarize).

Maxwell’s description of aether in The Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field includes the following passages:

• “We have therefore some reason to believe, from the phenomena of light and heat, that there is an ethereal medium filling space and permeating bodies, capable of being set in motion and of transmitting that motion from one part to another, and of communicating that motion to gross matter so as to heat it and affect it in various ways.”
• “We may therefore receive, as a datum derived from a branch of science independent of that with which we have to deal, the existence of a pervading medium, of small but real density, capable of being set in motion, and of transmitting motion from one part to another with great, but not infinite, velocity.”
• “But when electromotive force acts on a dielectric it produces a state of polarization of its parts similar in distribution to the polarity of the parts of a mass of iron under the influence of a magnet, and like the magnetic polarization, capable of being described as a state in which every particle has its opposite poles in opposite conditions.”
• “Here, then, we perceive another effect of electromotive force, namely, electric displacement, which according to our theory is a kind of elastic yielding to the action of the force, similar to that which takes place in structures and machines owing to the want of perfect rigidity of the connexions.”
• “It appears therefore that certain phenomena in electricity and magnetism lead to the same conclusion as those of optics, namely, that there is an ethereal medium pervading all bodies, and modified only in degree by their presence; that the parts of this medium are capable of being set in motion by electric currents and magnets; that this motion is communicated from one part of the medium to another by forces arising from the connections of those parts; that under the action of these forces there is a certain yielding depending on the elasticity of these connections; and that therefore energy in two different forms may exist in the medium, the one form being the actual energy of motion of its parts, and the other being the potential energy stored up in the connections, in virtue of their elasticity.”
• “Thus, then, we are led to the conception of a complicated mechanism capable of a vast variety of motion, but at the same time so connected that the motion of one part depends, according to definite relations, on the motion of other parts, these motions being communicated by forces arising from the relative displacement of the connected parts, in virtue of their elasticity.  Such a mechanism must be subject to the general laws of Dynamics . . .  .”
• “In speaking of the Energy of the field, however, I wish to be understood literally.  All energy is the same as mechanical energy, whether it exists in the form of motion or in that of elasticity, or in any other form.  The energy in electromagnetic phenomena is mechanical energy.”

“On our theory it [energy] resides in the electromagnetic field, in the space surrounding the electrified and magnetic bodies, as well as in those bodies themselves, and is in two different forms, which may be described without hypothesis as magnetic polarization and electric polarization, or, according to a very probable hypothesis, as the motion and the strain of one and the same medium.”